豪州の牛肉貿易
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
Australia has held a rank as a major world exporter of beef product. Exports of Australian beef expanded rapidly in 1960s, and the trade has become both large and profitable. Forming a peculiar back-ground of the beef export pattern, the quite heavy traditional dependence on the U.K. as her beef market, has shifted towards the United States. Therefore, beef is now Australia's most important agricultural exporting item to the U.S.A. and this market takes approximately 50 per cent of Australia's total beef exports. The U.S.A. imports of beef have been regulated since 1964 by "meat import law". Under the new meat import laws passed in 1979,the quota for Australia is determined by means of a "counter cyclical formula" designed to regulate the imports inversely to the changes in U.S. cow-beef production. Therfore, Australia's beef market could not help expanding in dependence on the Japanese beef market and the Asian beef markets in the early 1970s. In accordance with the development of the Japanese market for inported beef, Australia has supplied approximately 70〜80 per cent of Japanese demands. But shipments to Japan haye been amounting to some 17 per cent of total Australian beef exports, and the developments in the United States beef markets are going to give a significant impact on to the Australian beef industry. Australian meat exporters are in the necessity of having the export-license. Beef is produced in approximately 110 export-licensed abattoirs in Australia. The top 10 meat exporters (companies) accounted for 59 per cont of the beef and veal export markets in 1981/82. While the top 20 companies accounted for 71 per cent of the markets. Australian beef export companies are under the process of monopoly.
- 鹿児島大学の論文
- 1985-03-15