LNGプロジェクトに関する最新技術トピックス(<総説特集>LNG上流開発-リスクと対応の最前線-)
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概要
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Recently the situation surrounding LNG projects has been changing a lot. Supplies and demands for LNG have so far been determined by long term contracts between sellers and buyers in the LNG Chain. In recent years, however, trades of LNG under short term/spot contracts have been increasing. Although major markets of LNG, which have been Japan, Korea and Taiwan, located in the Far East, the Asia-Pacific region, are now shifting to the Atlantic Ocean side, consisting mainly of North America and Europe. Further, awareness of environmental preservation is enhancing and market prices of oil are remarkably volatile. These changes are closely related with technical aspects which plant engineering companies take charge of. The LNG market has substantially expanded due not only to the increase in energy demand but also LNG's enhanced competitiveness on the energy market. Cost reduction of LNG plants has been achieved by the scale merit of their enlargement and optimization. Moreover, a new problem of variations of heating value specifications with LNG buyers has been highlighted due to the increasing market liquidity. In order to deal with this new problem, recovery process of LPG and/or NGL may have to be provided in liquefaction of natural gas or LNG receiving terminals. Environmentally friendly plants can be realized by the design of plants whose thermal efficiency is high and to reduce CO_2 emissions, specifically, an increase of heat-recovery and CO_2 sequestration can be considered as effective ways. Due to the volatile markets of oil and natural gas, it is expected that gas fields in stranded areas will be developed to monetize it. In order to develop gas field in stranded area which are located in remote districts, new construction technologies, such as FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading), GBS (Gravity Base Structure) and Modularization, have to be applied because of severe environmental restrictions of plant sites or difficult availability of construction workers. State-of-the-art technologies about above items are introduced.
- 一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会の論文
- 2006-10-20