中国民営高等教育の拡大メカニズムと地域別成長パターン
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概要
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Private higher education is perhaps the fastest-growing segment of postsecondary education worldwide at the turn of the 21st century. Even in recent China, with the expansion and differentiation of higher education, private higher education is growing rapidly. The purpose of this paper is to explore the features of the regional distribution of the private sector and the mechanism of production of the private sector in China. The research questions are as follow. First, what is the mechanism of expansion of the private sector? Second, what are the different growth patterns of the private sector among different regions? The analytical framework is designed to comprehensively explore the mechanism of formation of the private sector. The following four perspectives are presented as a conceptual framework: (1) governmental policy, (2) the conditions of economic development, (3) existing public educational resources, and (4) excess demand. The major findings are summarized as follows: The differences between the supply mechanism of the public sector and the growth mechanisms of the private sector involve economic and institutional factors. Through a multi-regression analysis, it is found that the mechanisms for the private sector are very different from that of the public sector. Concretely, according to the results of the regression analysis, there are two factors determining the formation of private higher education. The first is economic factors (e. g., per capita GDP), and the second the existing resources of public higher education, such as the number of faculty members. These findings suggest that the mechanism of private higher education is characterized as market-initiated, while the mechanism of public higher education is characterized as state-initiated. (2) It is found that the growth patterns of private higher education vary according to region. In the economically developed regions (e. g., Zhejiang Province), the rapid expansion of private higher education is related to the economic success of the region. The increase in the demand for well-educated personnel and the rise in the educational purchasing power of individuals are the reasons leading to private sector expansion in such regions. This growth pattern can be identified as "market resource dependent." In regions where public higher education is relatively well developed (e. g., Hubei Province), the rate of expansion of the private sector is related to the existing resources of pubic higher education. In these regions, the private sector has a close relation to the public sector. Faculty members and equipment of neighboring public universities are used by the private higher education institutions to the greatest possible extent. This growth pattern can be identified as "public education resource dependent." There are also regions where public higher education and economic conditions are both underdeveloped (e. g., Shanxi Province). In the place of the market, the local government plays an important role in the expansion of the private sector. This growth pattern can be identified as "policy-initiated."
- 日本教育社会学会の論文
- 2004-11-15
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関連論文
- 21世紀初頭中国の高等教育発展構造 : 中国東南部調査(2004年夏) から
- 中国民営高等教育の拡大メカニズムと地域別成長パターン
- 進学者の目に映った中国民営高等教育
- 需要構造からみた中国民営高等教育 : 浙江省の事例から