『元朝秘史』におけるモンゴル語と漢語の人称代名詞の対応

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The Secret History of the Mongols (hereafter SH) was originally composed in Mongolian language and later transcribed in Chinese characters accompanied by word-to-word Chinese glosses, and by a Chinese translation of every paragraph. It provides an abundant and precious source for the study of both Mongolian and Chinese languages of the 13^<th> and 14^<th> centuries. In this article, the author investigates the correspondences between Mongolian and Chinese personal pronouns which are used in word-to-word glosses in SH and points out the following characteristics.(1) The correspondences of the Mongolian and Chinese pronouns (1st and 2nd persons) can be summarized as follows:[table](2) To the oblique cases of the Mongolian inclusive plural of the 1st person correspond not only 〓 and 〓毎 but also 俺 and 俺毎. If we take into consideration the fact that the frequency of the oblique cases of the Mongolian exclusive plural of the 1st person (i.e. man-u, man-a, man-tur, man-i) is remarkably low, we can conclude that the difference between "exclusive" and "inclusive" was disappearing in oblique cases and that exclusive forms were in the course of merging into inclusive forms.(3) As an inclusive form of the 1st person plural, 〓毎 appears as well as 〓 in word-to-word glosses of SH. But the character 毎 seldom occurs with the other forms of 1st and 2nd person pronouns. The exceptions are 〓毎 (once), 〓毎 (once), and 俺毎 (twice). (4) Chinese pronouns 我, 〓 and 〓 are aslo used as glosses of voluntative and imperative suffixes of verbs. Most typical correspondences are as follows:[table](5) In old Lao Qi Da (旧本『老乞大』), which was published as a textbook of colloquial Chinese for Koreans during the period of Yuan Dinasty, the meaning and usage of Chinese pronouns of 1st and 2nd persons are in principle the same as those of SH, except that the character 恁 is used for 〓 of SH.論文Article
2003-03-31

著者

栗林均
東北大学東北アジア研究センター

『元朝秘史』におけるモンゴル語と漢語の人称代名詞の対応

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