Flowers and sexes in Malaysian seagrasses

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Seagrasses are aquatic angiosperms growing in shallow coastal waters, although some species are found in deep waters. Similar to higher plants in terrestrial ecosystems, seagrasses are also flowering plants. Structurally, seagrass flowers are less complex and adapted for hydrophilous pollination and fertilization. Two modes of propagation typical of seagrasses are vegetative and sexual propagation. Vegetative propagation allows increase in ramet numbers and hence covers, while sexual reproduction through hydrophilous pollination and fertilization of flowers is a mechanism providing adaptability, maintenance and sustenance of the population. The flower morphology or structures, or their presence determine the sex of the plant. Seagrass plants can be monoecious or dioecious. Monoecious seagrass species have both male and female flowers on the same shoot or lateral shoots of the same plant. Dioecious seagrasses are those that have either male or female flowers borne on separate plants. In addition the pattern of growth, flowering and fruiting in the life cycle, whether continuous or periodic is a basis for separation of seagrass plants as perennial or annual respectively. In some cases, flower structures or their arrangement on the shoot of seagrass plants have been useful for taxonomic separation even to the level of species. Flowers in many seagrasses are rarely observed and encountered. We have been able to observe and record flowers from 12 seagrass species in Malaysia; Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila beccarii, H. decipiens, H. minor, H. ovalis, H. spinulosa, Cymodocea rotundata, C. serrulata, Halodule pinifolia, H. uninervis and Syringodium isoetifolium from Malaysia. This paper provides information on the structure and morphology of the male and female flowers from both gender (sexes-male and female) of seagrass plants. We hope this will be useful and of help to those who are not familiar with flowers and the sexes of seagrass species.
東京大学の論文
2006-04-28

Flowers and sexes in Malaysian seagrasses

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