小物体の摘み運動中の把握力調節機能の発達(2部運動の調節)

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The purpose of this paper is to summarize our recent work concerning development of the capacity to generate coordinated isometric finger forces used for lifting and holding a small object using a precision grip in human children. One hundred and eight children aged from 10 months to 13 years and 15 adults participated in the study. Using a force transducer attached grip apparatus (wt., 200g or 400g; surface, suede), grip force and lifting force acting on the object and vertical position of the object were measured. Two separate experiments were carried out in this study. In the first experiment, the subjects (93 children and 15 adults) lifted the apparatus weighing 200g 5 times. In the second experiment, the subjects (79 children and 15 adults) lifted the apparatus weighing either 200g or 400g 20-25 times. The weight was changed in a random manner without informing the subjects. In the first experiment, it was found that younger children (aged below 5 years) were slower than adults in sequencing between touching and gripping actions and between lifting and holding actions. The grip force for these children was greater than that in adults. A higher between-trial variability was also noted in force parameters for these young children than for the adults. A general trend in development of controlling the timing and force application during griplift actions showed that 0-1 year old children could not adequately program temporal and spatial components of the isometric grip and lifting forces in relation to the object weight. The capacity progressed rapidly up to 5 years of age, and progressed slowly from that age on. These results suggest that to acquire well-developed force control capacity in precision grip, as seen in adults, nearly 10 years of learning as well as development of neural and motor systems are required. Poor capacity in young children is believed to be due to immature functioning of cortico-spinal descending pathway, an inhibitory input to the motoneuron pool activating the finger muscles, and of the central nervous system responsible for a feedforward strategy of motor action.
1994-08-10

小物体の摘み運動中の把握力調節機能の発達(2部運動の調節)

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小物体の摘み運動中の把握力調節機能の発達(2部 運動の調節)

スポンサーリンク

概要

著者

関連論文

スポンサーリンク

小物体の摘み運動中の把握力調節機能の発達(2部運動の調節)