哺乳類の体の大きさと骨のかたち(1部生体の力学的特性)

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The skeleton of an animal must have enough robusticity to support its body. In this study scaling of limb bones in mammals was examined from the viewpoint of the strength of materials. Mammals who locomote and support their bodies with their four limbs were compared. Allometric equations were calculated from the osteological measurements and the cross-sectional geometry on the long limb bones of quadrupedal mammals. Osteometrical data were consisted of 79 species, 36 families, and 13 orders ranging from the shrew (5.6g of body mass) to the elephant (5000kg). The cross-sectional geometry was measured at the mid-length of the femur and the humerus on 18 species, 14 families, and 7 orders. Allometric equations were obtained from the data by least-squares regression, linear dimensions against the body mass, and by standard major axis analysis between diameters and bone length after transformations to logarithms. Thirty-eight correlations for Tables 1, 2, and 3 were all statistically significant. Most exponents of allometric equations for outside linear dimensions of bones against the body mass were significantly near the 1/3 required for geometric similarity. Exponents for bone lengths did not in the least agree with the hypothesis of elastic similarity by McMahon (1973). The robusticity of mammal long bones is not known only from the outside, because the marrow cavity diameter is not geometrically similar to the outside diameter. The inside wall of a hollow bone grows and decreases relatively independently of the outside wall. The cross-sectional geometry is a good indicator for the robusticity of bone. Exponents for cross-sectional geometry statistically corresponded to the robusticity against the bending or torsional moments, which may be caused mainly by muscle forces. The axial force produced by only the body weight did not agree with the exponent data on the geometry of shaft cross sections or on the sizes of epiphyses. The shapes and sizes of mammal long bones were considered to be adapted mainly to the moments caused by muscle forces during daily life activity.
バイオメカニズム学会の論文
1994-08-10

哺乳類の体の大きさと骨のかたち(1部生体の力学的特性)

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哺乳類の体の大きさと骨のかたち(1部 生体の力学的特性)

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哺乳類の体の大きさと骨のかたち(1部生体の力学的特性)