『マクベス』における悪魔観 : ジェイムズ時代イングランドの近代科学思想の進展を中心に
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Critics tend to examine if witchcraft in Macbeth reflected real 'evil' in Jacobean England. As for this problem, Peter Stallybrass concludes that the witchcraft was not a reflection of a real 'evil' but the social strategy to strengthen the patriarchy of King James. James was a deputy of God, and needed witches as his enemy so that he could control his society. His conclusion seems to be influential in understanding this play. The problem is that Macbeth and Banquo regard witchcraft as an illusion, and are skeptical about witchcraft beliefs. Their skepticism means subversion of the James's constitution. In fact, the development of modern scientific ideas in this period encouraged scientists to subvert the idea of occult philosophy, which supported the politics of Renaissance England. This modern science also threatened the government control over the society. Jean Bodin, a politic theorist, and James found the religious and political subversion in the revolutionary awareness of the scientists, and suppressed them. Two kinds of attitudes to the witchcraft belief conflicted between the government and modern scientists in the period when Shakespeare wrote Macbeth. The dramatist presented this conflict in the play through the action of Macbeth. He questioned the politics of James. The present paper examines the witchcraft belief in Macbeth, considering the development of modern science from empiric science in the 1580s to the experimentalism Francis Bacon proposed in his essay in 1620. It may be given as a conclusion that the play shows that the protagonist always threatened the politics of James by doubting the witchcraft beliefs in the period.
- 2001-01-31
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