『ヘンリー六世』三部作 : エリザベス時代の上昇志向とその波紋
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Critical responses to Henry VI plays tend to concentrate on politics in the Elizabethan period, as opposed to the "Tudor Myth" which was proposed by E. M. W. Tillyard. Especially, the critics compared political confusion in the plays to that which was brought by the negative foreign policy of Queen Elizabeth in the 1590s. The problem is that they overlooked the social change which caused her to take a weak attitude toward the foreign countries. This social change is reflected in these plays, and leads to the political confusion mentioned by the critics. Influenced by the Reformation, a controlled society based on communal consciousness had been rapidly replaced by one based on individual will in the Elizabethan period. Respect for the individual will changed the society from a feudal system to an individual one. This change led to the tendency of people to raise themselves to a higher position. The tendency penetrated every class in the society, and caused the classes to compete keenly in many ways. The people thrust themselves forward, or else they were pushed aside. The effect of this social change is reflected in these plays. England of Henry V was controlled by chivalry and law in the plays. But after his death, the nation was ruled by the upward tendency to get a dominant position in the political world. Respecting their own will to reign over the country, Winchester, York, Somerset and other nobles violated the old system thoroughly. The poor who could not seize the upward opportunity suffered dire poverty, and were be pushed out of the society. Their complaint, therefore, led to the revolt of Jack Cade, who attacked the gentry class who seized the upward opportunity and Shakespeare focused on the effect of the social change through every class in his plays. My argument will be that the dramatist showed that England is confused not only by the weakness of Henry VI, but also by the respect for the individual will which was produced by the Reformation.
- 1999-03-31
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