大元ウルス高官任命命令文研究序説
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概要
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1. Recent studies of the edicts in the Mongol-Yuan Period in Japan Over the past decades, a considerable number of articles have been devoted to the study of the edicts in the Mongol-Yuan Period (13th-14th centuries). Among these studies, the following studies deserve attention. (1) Classification of the edicts according to their language and letter/ character (Sugiyama 1989; Ono 1997) (2) Analysis of style of the edicts (Matsukawa 1995; Ono 1997). But little is known about style of the edicts contained in Chinese books. In this paper I will make an analysis of the edicts for appointment in Chinese books. 2. The edicts for appointment of high officials in Xidntditongji, Nantaibeiyao and Yuandianzhang - their historical value Xiantaitongji and Nantaibeiyao consist of over 200 official documents on affairs of the Censorate and the South Branch Censorate. mYuandianzhang also consists of many official documents in the Mongol-Yuan Period. In these documents there are 49 edicts for appointment of high officials of the Dai-on ulus (the Yuan Dynasty). These 49 edicts don't survive in their original form (language, disposition, etc.). But rarely survived edicts for appointment high officials of the Mongol-Yuan Period, therefore, they have much historical value. 3. Analysis of the 49 edicts I. Language: (a) A sort of translationese Chinese in Mongolian word-order (the late Irincin called it "元代硬〓公〓文体"), (b) Classical literary Chinese, and mixture of these two languages. II. Style: Type A: (1) title, (2) date, (3) starting typical phrase (Intitulatio), (4) Publicatio, (5 ) Narratio, (6) Inscriptio, (7) Dispositio-I, (8) warning, (9) Dispositio-2, (10) last typical phrase; Type B : (1) title, (2) date, (3) suggestion by official (of Censorate), (4) approval of Emperor, (5) last typical phrase. Type C : (1) title, (2) date, (3) starting typical phrase, (4) appointment by Emperor, (5) last typical phrase. Strictly speaking, in type B, only part (4) is an imperial edict. 4. Characteristics of the edicts (1) These 49 edicts are a sort of notice which informs officials concerned of the appointment of high officials (most of them are Censors-in-chief). (2) Their styles are almost completely different from the style of the Tang and Song Dynasty. The Dai-on ulus (the Yuan Dynasty) adopted new style of edict. (3) Type A corresponds to Matsukawa's the Daiyuan-Ulus (the Daion ulus) Style in the Mongolian edicts. Also Type B and Type C almost correspond to the style Ono advocated. 5. Conclusions (1) In Appointment of high officials, Emperors of Yuan Dynasty issued Mongolian edicts. The edicts for appointment of high officials in Xiantaitongji, Nantaibeiyao and Yuandianzhang are translations from Mongolian edicts. (2) Many translations from Mongolian edicts are contained in other Chinese books in the Mongol-Yuan Period. The future direction of this study will be extraction and analysis of these edicts.
- 2003-09-30