リスク概念に基づく建築物の設計可燃物密度

概要

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It is quite common in fire safety codes of buildings that the higher or the larger the building, and the larger the number of occupants, the more strict the provisions applied. This, of course, intends to reduce the probability and the potential size of fire loss. Although the consistency of the principle and the attainable level of the prescriptive provisions of the existing codes is questionable, the favorable interpretation of their intention will be expressed in a scientific term as "to control fire risk under a certain level", that is, letting R be the fire risk, P_L be the probability of fire loss occurrence, S_L be the potential size of the loss, and R_a be the acceptable fire risk. [numerical formula] By so considering, many provisions can be interpreted in a rational manner. For example, the fire resistance requirements on principal structural members intends to control the fire risk by lowering P_L ; compartmentation and shaft sealing by limiting S_L as well as to lowering P_L ; provisions for safe escape routes are not imposed, or at least very lightly if any, for small buildings such as family dwellings because the potential size of life is so small. Under above concept, calculation method of design fire load density was developed and case-study by proposed method was carried out in this paper.
2002-01-30