Sound Spectrograph による音声の新表記法

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The purpose of this article is to investigate a new method of displaying information realized by means of the sound spectrograph which the author has tentatively named a "Four Area Graph". The established and growing consciousness of the importance of Phonetic Sciences has been manifested in various fields, such as Articulatory Phonetics, Auditory Phonetics, Comparative Phonetics, Applied Phonetics. Psychophonetics and Experimental or Acoustic Phonetics. Among these, Acoustic Phonetics presents many interesting areas of investigation which can illustrate phonetic actual realization. Recent study in experimental or acoustic phonetics has become increasingly concerned with dynamic aspects of speech articulation. The spectrograms which are produced by the sound spectrograph provide traditionally a three-dimensional visual evidence in which three important factors are illuminated ; formant frequency vertically, time horizontally and intensity by the relative blackness or light and shade. We can see that the formants characterise different vowels articulated in the different vocal tracts. The vowel quality depends on the frequencies of the formants. Characteristic overtones are called the first formant, the second formant, the third formant and the fourth formant, respectively. Peter Ladefoged (1975) developed a formant chart, commonly used by many phoneticians and linguists, to enable representation of vowel qualities and comparison of the relation between vowels from sound spectrogram results. He plots the frequency of the first formant on the ordinate (the vertical axis) and the difference between the frequencies of the first and the second formants on the abscissa (the horizontal axis). Ladefoged says (1975 : 187) that the frequency of the first formant certainly shows the relative vowel height quite accurately. The distance between the first and the second formants reflects the degree of backness quite well, but there may be confusion due to variations in the degree of lip rounding. The author has demonstrated a now formant chart named the Four Area Graph, in which formant one is shown on the upper vertical axis, formant two on the right horizontal axis, formant three on the lower vertical axis and formant four on the left horizontal axis, respectively. In this formant chart, a front-close vowel is clearly indicated by the narrow areas of formant one-formant four and formant one-formant two. A back vowel is indicated by the narrow areas of formant one-formant two and formant two-formant three. A back-close vowel is indicated by the narrow areas of formant one-formant four, formant one-formant two and formant two-formant three. In this article, the material will be dealt with under the following headings : 1. Introduction, 2. New Signification of Sound Spectrograph, 2.1. Traditional Signification of Formant Frequency by Formant Chart, 2.2. New Signification of Formant Frequency by Four Area Graph, 2.3. Illuminations of New Signification of Formant Frequency by Four Area Graph, 3. Discussion of Formant Frequency by the Use of Four Area Graph, 4. Analysis by Sound Spectrogram, 5. Conclusion. 6. Acknowledgements It is believed that the analysis or signification by the use of the Sound Spectrographic Four Area Graph presented by the author in this article will give impetus to further study in this hitherto unexplored field of Comparative-Acoustic Phonetics.
愛知学院大学の論文
1992-12-20

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都築正喜
愛知学院大学

Sound Spectrograph による音声の新表記法

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