ワシントンの幣原喜重郎

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概要

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• Shidehara Kijuro (1872〜1951) was known as Prime Minister when the present Constitution of Japan was drafted in 1946. However he originally started his career as a liberal diplomat, who promoted cooperative diplomacy with the great western powers. The mainstay of all his diplomatic principles as well as his distinguished ability in English were initially formed in his early days abroad. This paper addresses his first service in Washington D. C. as Counselor between 1912 and 1913 and his second one there as Ambassador to the United States from 1919 through to 1922. Shidehara's American career will be examined from a new aspect of research until now never addressed and based on American documents including newspapers such as The New York Times. Shidehara's first American diplomatic assignment was devoted to the serious problem of Japanese immigrants in California, and he was deeply inspired and edified by the then British Ambassador James Bryce's manoeuvres, particularly by Bryce's wise non-action after the discussions became deadlocked. Notwithstanding the hard work, Shidehara enjoyed canoeing on the Potomac River with his colleagues in summer. During his Ambassadorial secondment to the States one of the most significant diplomatic negotiations that Shidehara undertook was at the Washington Conference of 1921. As one of three delegated Japanese negotiators he assumed the defacto leadership of the entire negotiation team. The preceding events typified his role in this conference and many international diplomats remembered his heroic efforts to reach the agreement with China re the Shantung problems despite the excruciating pain he suffered from kidney stones. The American media followed, watched, and supported his actions and remarks almost everyday when he was on the dais. Though his diplomacy has received widely differing evaluations, most non-Japanese observers regarded the so-called "Shidehara diplomacy" as one of positive international cooperation and conciliation. The reason for this support was derived from his exemplary efforts during his fruitful ambassadorial days.

著者

• 井戸 桂子

  駒沢女子大学人文学部国際文化学科

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