博物館の天窓採光に就て
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概要
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The purpose of this paper is to consider the problem of overhead lighting in art museums. The mathematical formula which has been deduced by the writer is E=b/2・e or b/2e' in which E=intensity of illumination b=brightness of light source e={cosβ×tan^<-1>θ/<1-n(1-n)θ^2>-tan^<-1>ζ/<1-n(1-n)ζ^2} e'={cosβ×tan^<-1>θ/<1+n(1+n)θ^2>+tan^<-1>ζ/<1+n(1+n)ζ^2} β=angle of altitude θ=sinβ/m ζ=tanβ/m n=the number representing the position considered m=the ratio of the breadth of the aperture to the distance between the aperture and the wall surface. The applications of the formula to art museums are then shown. The intensity of illumination on the wall surface as affected by the size and position of the skylight is estimated. To simply and expedite calculations, graphs have been constructed. On the basis of the results of the calculations of illuminations equiluminous curves were constructed in each case. It was ascertained, furthermore, that the results of observations made in a model gallery coincided closely with the results of these calculations, except in reference to positions near corners and edges of the walls, which is due to the effect of reflection of light on the wall and floor surfaces. The average intensity of illumination suitable for an art museum is assumed to be 120 lux, whichi is based on the results of experiments made at an art exhibition of last year at the Imperial Academy of Art. However, the intensity of daylight illumination from a quarter sphere is about 1200 lux at four o'clock in the afternoon in winter and 12,000 lux at noon. It is therefore necessary to obtain a sill ratio of about 10% in the evening and 1% at noon, which is a suitable measure of illumination for art museums. If we select from the results of the observations the conditions most satisfactory for the maximum sill ratio at 10.4%, we have the situations shown in Figure 29, 31, 32, 33, 36, and in Table II. It is concluded that the most satisfactory lighting is obtained with an area ratio between the skylight surface and the floor surface of about 0.25, if the transmission coefficient of glass is assumed as 75%. It is also necessary when the intensity of illumination is so high to cover the overhead glass with a screen.
- 社団法人日本建築学会の論文
- 1932-01-25
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