電信電話作業者の疲労に関する調査研究

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Telegraph and telephone services compel the operators to work by imposing on them visual and auditory senses, manual cooperative actions, and nervous tension for quick and accurate reply. Accordingly, the fatigue of the operators caused by mental and sensory tension is likely to be angmented with the mechanization of equipment, the increase of the intensity of operation, and the midnight shift. Researches were carried out to make these points clear with the following approaches: (A)comparison of fatigue complaints among operators on various jobs and shifts in different offices of different scales; (B) measurement of flicker values related with working conditions of the operators; (C) recording physiological responses while working, such as heart rate, respiration, and galvanic skin resistance (GSR). Results are as follows: 1) a) Fatigue complaints of punchers and deliverers were most frequent as characteristic symptoms compared with those of other workers. In such jobs a tendency of accumulation and fixation of fatigue was seen. Communication and telephone operators came to the next. Those fatigue symptoms were mainly of neurosensory origin, such as strain of the eye and heavy-feeling of the head. Complaints of punchers were focussed on shoulder and waist due presumably to constrained working posture. b) Fatigue complaints were most frequently expressed by night-shift workers and less frequent in different kinds of workers in the order: evening shift workers, daytime workers for 8 hours, those of 6 hours, and half-day workers. At larger offices in the municipal area fatigue complaints of the operators were more pronounced than those at the smaller offices in the rural area. 2) Results of the flicker test on the operators also revealed some differences among jobs and shifts. A remarkable decrease of the flicker value was found in the night-shift workers, especially in female operators after a nap. 3) Physiological responses of the operators during the working time were manifold according to the job. a) Physical movements and acts necessary for operating work, such as reply to telephone calls and arrangement of slips in the telephone operators, stamping and typewriting in the printed form of communication operators, precision work and going up and down the stairs in the machinists, could easily provoke excited reactions in the heart rate, in the respiratory pattern, and in the galvanic skin resistance, as sensory and emotional stimuli. b) Generally speaking, a prompt elevation of nervous tension was observed from the beginning of work with a stationary condition after 20-40 minutes. After the pause of work, a temporary 'rest effect' was noted. However, after 5-6 hours from the beginning of the work or 1 hour after one set of continued operation, a definite increase of the heart rate (10-20% on an average) with greater fluctuations was noted. This was particularly remarkable at night work. c) In unskilled operators the 'rest effect' was scarcely noted, and the auto-correlation coefficient of heart rate revealed a marked difference compared with that in the skilled. This may be due to the greater nervous tension in the unskilled operators. It is concluded that the feature of fatigue caused by telegraph and telephone operations accompanied with neuro-sensory tension is influenced by various working conditions, especially hours of work, arrangement of pause, night-shift, frequencey of operations, constrained posture, and skillfulness of workers. Therefore, the necessity of improvement of these working conditions should be stressed.
社団法人日本産業衛生学会の論文
1968-07-20

電信電話作業者の疲労に関する調査研究

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