AMMONIUM FIXATION BY HYDROXY-INTERLAYERED VERMICULITE AND MONTMORILLONITE AND ITS RELATION TO POTASSIUM FIXATION
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概要
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Hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite (Vt) and montmorillonite (Mr) clays were prepared in the laboratory through reacting <2 μm sized Vt and Mt clays with hydroxyaluminum (HyA) and hydroxyaluminosilicate (HAS) ionic solutions having final Al concentrations of around 4 mM; OH/Al molar ratios of 1.0, 2.0, and 2.5; and Si/Al atomic ratios of around 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00. After reaction, varying extents of Al and Si fixation on Vt and Mt clays were recorded due to different Si/Al and OH/Al ratios of the reacting HyA and HAS ionic solutions suggesting different degrees of interlayer filling with hydroxy-materials in the resultant HyA/HAS-Vt/Mt complexes. Ammonium fixation and exchange capacities of these HyA/HAS (OH/Al=1.0, 2.0, and 2.5)-Vt and HyA/HAS (OH/Al=2.0)-Mt complexes were studied in comparison to untreated Vt and Mt with added NH_4 at different rates ranging from around 20 to 300 meq/100 g. Untreated Vt clay showed NH_4 fixation as high as 91 meq/100 g in contrast to only 16 meq/100 g exchangeable NH_4. A maximum of 14 meq NH_4/100 g was fixed by untreated Mt in comparison to its 60 meq/100 g total NH_4 adsorption ability. In HyA/HAS-Vt complexes, NH_4 fixation reduced drastically and ranged from 10 to 30 meq/100 g in comparison to their total NH_4 adsorption abilities ranging from 62 to 83 meq/100 g in different cases. Fixation of NH_4 by HyA/HAS-Mt complexes ranged from only 2 to 4 meq/ 100 g suggesting almost elimination of the fixation capacities. Ammonium became more exchangeable due to the presence of hydroxy-interlayers in the clays. The reduction in CEC and well known propping effects of hydroxy-cation islands in the interlayer spaces of Vt and Mt might have hindered NH_4 fixation by the complexes. The relationships of maximum NH_4 fixing abilities of the HyA/HAS-Vt complexes with the amounts of Al, Si, and Al+Si fixed on Vt were all exponential and negative. However, the amount of either Al or Al+Si fixed on Vt appeared as equally good indicators of NH_4 fixing capacities of hydroxy-interlayered Vt clay. The relationships between ammonium and potassium fixing capacities of these complexes involving both Vt and Mt clays as found for different levels of added NH_4 and K were all significantly linear and positive.
- 日本粘土学会の論文
著者
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SAHA UTTAM
Institute of Postgraduate Studies in Agriculture
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Inoue Katsuhiro
Faculty Of Agriculture Iwate University
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