Mechanism of Liquation Cracking in Weld Heat-Affected Zone of Austenitic Stainless Steels
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An investigation has been conducted using a high temperature microscope and an electron probe X-ray microanalyser to obtain a basic understanding of the grain-boundary liquation cracking in the weld heat-affected zone of steels. In this paper, Type 310, 347 and 304 stainless steels were used. The main results obtained in this study are as follows : 1) In Type 310 steel, low-meltihg point liquation of grain boundary was observed at the fairly lower temperature than the solidus in rapid heating. 2) It was clarified experimentally that the phemonenon presented above was attributed to segregation of low-melting constituents and that such grain-boundary segregation was induced only when both grain-boundary migration accompanied with rapid heating and solute-rich zones were in simultaneous existence. 3) It was highly probable that the most potent factor causing grain-boundary liquation in Type 310 steel was the lowmelting eutectic reaction between Cr and Ni which together had been enriched to the grain boundary. 4) It was made clear why Type 304 stainless steel is less susceptible to hot cracking. 5) In Type 347 steel, the appearance of liquid phase occurred at lower temperature by about 70℃ than the solidus in both cases of rapid heating and slow heating. This phenomenon is probably attributable to eutectic reaction between niobium carbide and γ-iron. Then the mechanism causing grain-boundary liquation observed in HAZ was made clear.
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