Environmental Adaptations of Two Flower Breeding Species of Drosophila from Java, Indonesia(Behavior and Ecology)

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In Java, Drosophila elegans was collected from low to high altitudes, while D. gunungcola was not collected from low altitudes. Periodical observations at Cibodas (west Java : 1300 m in altitude) revealed that the number of both species decreased during the dry season. Both species used Ipomoea flowers for breeding, and D. gunungcola at least bred on Brugmansia flowers. In laboratory experiments, D. gunungcola did not grow to the adult stage at 28℃. The preimaginal period was shorter in D. elegans than in D. gunungcola at 23℃, but did not significantly differ between them at 20 and 18℃. Egg size did not differ between these two species. However, at 18-23℃, D. gunungcola was heavier than D. elegans at 0- and 14-days post eclosion to adult, suggesting that D. gunungcola larvae grew more efficiently than D. elegans larvae at least at 18 and 20℃. Egg production was higher in D. elegans than in D. gunungcola at 20 and 23℃, but nearly equal between them at 18℃. Desiccation tolerance was higher in D. gunungcola. Starvation tolerance was higher in D. gunungcola females than in D. elegans females at 20 and 23℃, but in D. elegans females at 18℃. Males of these two species did not significantly differ in starvation tolerance. Thus, D. elegans has an advantage at high temperatures, while D. gunungcola seems to have advantage, or at least equally well adapted, as D. elegans under cool climates.
日本昆虫学会の論文
2002-12-25