Diffraction of light by ultrasound: Improvement of the Raman-Nath formula
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A closed form formula with by far the better accuracy than the Raman-Nath formula is proposed. The new formula is also applicable under oblique incidence, explaining the asymmetry of the diffraction spectrum. The formula is a semi-empirical modification of the Raman-Nath formula taking into account the requirement of the symmetry property around the Bragg incidence angle -the correspondence rule- of the ultrasonic light diffraction spectrum. The formula contain, besides the usual phase-lattice parameter v(=2pideltan⋅L/lambda_<vac>), a second parameter D(=piLlambda/Lambda^2), also in case of the normal incidence. Here lambda and lambda_<vac> are the wavelength of light in the medium and in vacuum, respectively, Lambda is the ultrasonic wavelength, L the beamwidth of the ultrasound, and delta_n the amplitude of variation of the refractive index of the medium perturbed by ultrasound.
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