沸石続成作用
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概要
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Zeolites in sediments and sedimentary rocks are formed by diagenesis, by hydrothermal alteration, and by contact metamorphism. Diagenesisis by far important because of its regional occurrence. Volcanic glass, above all, silicic glass is most importantas the original material of zeolites. In thick marine and fresh water strata containing tephra and volcanic sediments, vertical zeolite zones are promoted by burial diagenesis. Deep boreholes penetrating the Neogene marine strata in the Japanese oil fields prove that the alkali zeolite zones are essentially affected by geothermal gradient under the silica-saturated environment. In alkali-saline lake deposits, on the contrary, horizontal zeolite zones are caused by chemical gradient in the lake and pore water at near the surface condition. In deep-sea sediments, according to the results of the DSDP core studies, phillipsite and clinoptilolite are the dominant zeolites with minor amounts of analcime. Phillipsite tends to concentrate in younger pelagic calcareous sediments and brown clay at shallower sub-bottom depths, whereas clinoptilolite occurs in calcareous sediments and terrigenous mud of various geologic age down to Late Jurassic at various sub-bottom depths. The both zeolites are largely promoted by diagenesis from different original materials: most phillipsite is originated from basaltic glass, while most clinoptilolite is originated from silicic glass, though biogenic silica and amorphous material of a terrigenous weathering origin may react with saline pore water to form some clinoptilolite. The reaction temperatures of the clinoptilo1ite-analcime and analcime-albite equilibria lower with an increase of the concentration of Na cations in alkaline pore water of zeolitic sediments and sedimentary rocks under the silica-saturated environment, as shown in Figure 11. Thus, the clinoptilolite-analcime reaction could not progress in deep-sea sediments with in a sub-bottom depth of 1,300 m excepting for local heat sources such as basaltic intrusion and hydrothermal activity. Most deep-sea analcime occurs in basaltic volcanic sediments in which it may be forme data lower temperature condition under the silica-undersaturated environment.
- 日本地質学会の論文
- 1978-11-30
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