ニホンザル (Macaca fuscata) の歯の形態学的研究
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For the study of phylogenesis of the human teeth, the morphological study on the teeth of the primates is extremely important. From this aspect the author has investigated the morphology of permanent both maxillary and mandibular teeth of the Japanese monkeys, which belong to the catarrhini macaque, believed to be closest to the man, and anthropoid apes, and the author has obtained the following results : 1. The lingual cingulum of maxillary incisor and mandibular canine was comparatively well developed, but the development of the cingulum in other anterior teeth region was scarcely observed. 2. In the buccal surface of both maxillary and mandibular premolars, the cingulum was observed to be developing comparatively well. 3. Whereas the general rule of the premolars was 2 cusps, developmental degree of the metaconid was apparently inferior to that of the protoconid of the mandibular first premolar. Also it was noticed that in the mandibular second premolar the development of metaconid was exceedingly well, and the differentiation tendency of the entoconid or the hypoconid was observed to develop 3 or 4 cusps. 4. The development of the cingulum of the molar was not so remarkable, but it was noticed that the molars of the distal side, the second and third molars, showed better development than the first molar. 5. In the occlusal surface pattern of the maxillary molars, the paracone was contiguous to the hypocone. And the maxillary molars built bilophodonty, which was connected by transverse ridge ranging both buccal and lingual cusp on each mesial and distal side. This was different from the man or anthropoid apes where the metacone is contiguous to the protocone by the oblique ridge. 6. In the survey of the Carabelli's cusp, the median lingual accessory groove cusp and the distal accessory cusp as the supernumerary tubercle appearing in the crown on the maxillary molars, it was observed that they appear mainly in the third molar and that the mesial marginal tubercle was seen mainly in the first molar. 7. The mandibular first molar had 4 cusps in all cases and every mandibular third molar had 5 cusps, while the mandibular second molar was mostly of 4 cusps with exceptional 5 cusps. 8. The occlusal surface pattern of the mandibular molars showed the same bilophodonty as the maxillary molars, different from the Dryopithecus pattern, the basic type of the man and anthoropoid apes. 9. In the survey of the 6th cusp, 7th cusp and protoconid as the supernumerary tubercle appearing in the crown of the mandibular molars, they were not seen in the first molar but many were found in the third molar. 10. The measurement of tooth crown showed greater size in the male than in the female, and such a sexual difference was most peculiar in the canines. 11. In the molars the mesiodistal diameter was greater than the buccolingual diameter. This difference was more obvious in the mandibular molars. 12. Comparing the mesial and distal side on buccolingual diameter of the molar, it was observed the former is larger than the latter in all cases, and that the diameter is reduced toward the distal region from the mesial region in each molar.
- 1979-03-31
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