低体力高齢者の体力, 生活機能, 健康度に及ぼす運動介入の影響 : 無作為化比較試験による場合

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Purpose : To examine the effects of exercise on the physical fitness, functional capacity and health status of low-fit elderly living in the community. Methods : A random sample of 429 citizens of Tokyo aged over 70 yrs underwent physical fitness tests for strength (hand grip and knee extensor), balance (functional reach) and coordination (normal and maximum speed walking times). Their functional capacity was determined using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Index of Competence (max=13). The 251 subjects, or 58.5% of the sample, that scored below 12 on the index were defined as low-fit elderly. Subjects aged over 81 yrs and those with hypertension were excluded. Following explanation of the intervention study informed consent was obtained from 30 participants. Randomized for sex, age and maximum speed walking time, they were allocated to either exercise group (n=15) or control group (n=15). During the intervention period, the exercise group performed a 90min exercise session twice per week for six months and then once per month for the next six months as a follow-up period. The control group performed a 90 minutes stretching session once per month for 12 months. Ratings from physical fitness tests (including hand grip, knee extensor strength, functional reach, 5m normal and maximum walking times and a 400m walking time) and questionnaires on functional capacity and health status were compared. Results : No differences were observed between the two groups at 0 months and 3 months on any of the tests. At 6 months, the exercise group was faster than the control for 400m walking time (P<0.05), and their self-ratings on the health questionnaire tended to be more positive (P<0.1) than those of the control group. However, these exercise intervention effects were not maintained throughout the follow-up period. In addition, functional capacity in the intervention group did not differ from that of the control group during the intervention and follow-up periods. Conclusions : Exercise intervention for the low-fit elderly has beneficial effects on aerobic capacity and subjective health, but is less effective in improving functional capacity. The beneficial effects are not sustained following cessation of intervention.
日本運動生理学会の論文
2005-09-30

低体力高齢者の体力, 生活機能, 健康度に及ぼす運動介入の影響 : 無作為化比較試験による場合

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