京都府北部におけるイノシシ・ツキノワグマの分布変動とその規制諸要因

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Big wild mammals have been game and vermin for men from of old. But, in Japan, big wild mammals are not shown interest in generally. We must consider the management of big wild mammals from the view point of biological resources and conservation of nature, but such approach is few and far between in the Japanese geographical field. One of the main reasons is lack of fundamental data which is necessary for the enforcement of the management. The author investigated the fluctuations of wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax) and wild bears (Selenarctos thibetanus japonicus) from the Meiji era onward and its factor of regulation in the northern area of Kyoto Prefecture. The results are as follows. There are four patterns in the distribution of wild boars and it is largely affected by men and snow-fall. Wild bears are affected mainly by men, such as the change of forest use and hunting impacts. In comparison the two, we can recognize differences in their distribution pattern. This is caused mainly by the difference in the condition of parturition. In short, with the afforestation wild boars have moved to the north where the intensity of natural forest use and heavy snow-fall decrease. Wild bears are unable to make the move because they need the hollows of the large trees for parturition. Affection has to be paid to the proper management of big wild mammals that are included in men's activity system. A foresighted policy is expected with a mind as the influence on wild boars and wild bears differ according to their ecologies and the background of damages are often placed at men's side. It is the important problem to give the proper management of big wild mammals in the synthetic forest use, we must therefore fill up the fundamental data moreover.

京都府北部におけるイノシシ・ツキノワグマの分布変動とその規制諸要因

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