非行と失業 : 戦後日本における時系列分析

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As major non-biological causes of crime, economic differences and influences have attracted the constant attention of sociologists and criminologists for centuries. Increasing unemployment particularly has been regarded as one of the causes of crime. However, contrary to this commonsense view of unemployment and crime, the fact that increasing unemployment leads to decreasing juvenile delinquency has been largely ignored. More concretely, the view exists that unemployment, in general, is positively associated with adult crime but negatively with juvenile delinquency. Using annual time-series data for the period of postwar Japan (1955-1995), this study investigates the impact of unemployment rates on larceny arrest rates for both juveniles and adults and identifies similarities and differences between them. The results generally confirm the hypothesized relationships between unemployment rates and larceny arrest rates : There is a significant negative relationship between adult unemployment rates and larceny arrest rates for younger juveniles and a significant positive relationship between adult unemployment rates and larceny arrest rates for adults. However, there is a positive relationship between juvenile unemployment rates and larceny arrest rates for juvenile offenders, though its relationship is not statistically significant, which is contrary to the hypothesis. Although we can not conclude that juveniles whose parents are unemployed are actually less likely to commit larceny or that unemployed adults are actually more likely to commit larceny, adults' employment opportunities appear to be a key determinant of larceny and its impacts on adults and juveniles are different in terms of criminal behaviors. The implications of these findings are discussed in consideration of the role of family and cross-cultural differences.
日本犯罪社会学会の論文

非行と失業 : 戦後日本における時系列分析

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