カルテルにおける課業環境と統制環境 : 組織体犯罪の統合的分析枠組をめざして (<特集>組織体犯罪の研究)
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This paper attempts to integrate two approaches - one by organization theory and another by control theory - in the study of organizational crime. For this purpose, the author would like to analyse the organizational factors and the regulatory ones in collusion, and to explain the correlations between them. "Cartel mind", the motive of collusion, is the function of two variables : the utility of collusion and its guilty consciousness. The utility of collusion is determined by its benefit and cost. They vary with two factors in the task environment of collusive firms. The first factor is the incentive of collusion that relates with its benefit. The incentive consists partly of the gaps between the goals and achievements of these collusive firms and partly of the uncertainty to achieve their goals. The second factor is the conditions which promote firms to collude ; and these conditions relate with the cost of collusion. They consist of the similarity of products and each share of collusive firms, and of their information cost. The information cost is determined by three elements : (1) The number of collusive firms, (2) their concentration ratio, and (3) the existence of industrial groups. Furthermore, regulatory environment relates to task environment. The industrial policies of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) change the state of task environment, and consequently influence the benefit and cost of collusion. The regulation of the Fair Trade Commission (FTC) also affects its cost.Moreover, "cartel mind" varies with the guilty consciousness of collusion. Whether the policies of MITI and FTC are permissive to collusion, is very influential to this guilty consciousness. Past experiences of collusion of the industry are also important to that factor. In this paper, these correlations between organizational and regulatory factors are examined by a case study of collusions in oil industry, 1972-73. As a result, it makes clear that these two factors are indispensable to explain the formation of collusion which is a very important part of organizational crime.
- 日本犯罪社会学会の論文
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