犯罪の実態 : 犯罪統計の意味するもの (<特集>I 犯罪指標の再検討)

概要

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The mass media carries almost everyday news on socio-pathological phenomena such as crime, delinquency and traffic accidents. The news are, however, just "the so-called the tip of the iceberg". More various types of socio-pathological phenomena occur day after day, which is unfortunate indeed for victims and the society as a whole. When you look at the trend of crime in Japan, you will find that the number of larceny theft and stimulant drug controllaw violations increasing up in recent years. Japanese society, as you know, has been developed at a surprising rate. Now, Japanese people can enjoy their high living standard in "an affluent society." So the up-trend of larceny theft seems difficult to comprehend, because larceny theft was considered to be an offence produced by poverty in the past. On the other hand, the recent trend can be analized in the context of recent social structural changes, which has made the global distance much closer not only physically but also psychology. But the "first but least" step for analyzing trends in crime in Japan is to get their precice and accurate prictures. In this article, the author analyses the typical recent trends in crime by dealing with reliable criminal data reported to the police. 1. Penal Code Offenses In 1985, the number of Penal Code offenses reported to the police was 2,121,410, an increase of 41,113 (2.0%) over the previous year. The number of Penal Code offenses recorded, excluding professional negligence, was 1,607,663 which marked an increase of 18,996 (1.2%) over 1984. The number of offenders of Penal Code offenses cleared by the police amounted to 970,226 in 1985, an increase of 8,887 (0.9%) over the preceding year. The number of Penal Code offenders other than those for professional negligence was 432, 107 which marked a decrease of 14,486(3.2%) from 1984. In comparison with the respective numbers in the major categories of reported Penal Code offenses in the previous year, 1985, those of professional negligence, larceny, embezzlement were on the increase, where as those of bodily injury, assault, rape, homicide, robbery were on the decrease. The crime rate (the number of reported offenses for each 100,000 in population) in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany and France in 1984 with respect to offenses equivalent to Japanese Penal Code offenses excluding professional negligence, were 5,031, 6,674, 6,755 and 6,714 respectively. In contrast, the rate in Japan was only 1,289. 2. Special Law Offenses In 1985, public prosecutors offices throughout Japan recieved a total of 2,454,199 suspects of Special Law Offenses, of which 93.0% (2,286,827) were for road traffic violations and 167,372 were for violations of other Special Laws. 3. Juvenile Delinquency In 1985, Penal Code offenses involving a total of 304,070 juvenile and child offenders were cleared by the police. Juvenile and child offender in 1985 accounted for 29.6% of all Penal Code offenders whose offenses were cleared by the police. The year 1985 saw 16.0 juvenile and child offenders per 1,000 juveniles between ten and twenty years of age in population, compared with 8.5 adult offenders per 1,000 adults in the population. The number of juvenile and child offenders investigated by the police for nontraffic Penal Code offenses in 1985 was 250,132, representing 51.2% all nontraffic Penal Code offenders whose offenses were cleared by the police. This number accounts for 13.2 per 1,000 juvenile population, this rate being about five times higher than that for adult offenders. The number of juvenile suspects investigated by the police during 1985 for violations of Special Laws other than road traffic violations totalled 35,803, a decrease of 3,449 from the previous year. Violations of the Poisonous and Hazardous Substances Control Law were the most frequently committed (70.9%), followed by violations of the Stimulant Drugs Control Law (5.8%). These two types of violations, which involv
日本犯罪社会学会の論文

著者

佐藤典子
法務総合研究所

犯罪の実態 : 犯罪統計の意味するもの (<特集>I 犯罪指標の再検討)

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