清末民初における立憲制と地方エリート : 張謇における立憲と地方自治の思想

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The aim of this paper is to clarify the political structure in late imperial and early modern China. The Qing 清 dynasty began many kinds of reform after Boxer uprising. One of the most important reforms was to introduce new political institutions. In historical perspective, the meaning of this movement can be understood in terms of relationship between constitutionalism and self-government. Zhang Jian 張謇 (1853-1926) was born in Jiang Su 江蘇 to its most famous gentry family. He as local elite, reformer, and modernizer took part in this movement to reconstruct politics. His early activities were very traditional and identifiable with his antecedents. It was very specially important for his future actions that he was an academic degree holder. During the start of constitutional reform in 1901, he drafted an article called "Bian Fa Ping Yi" 変法平議 and sent it to Liu Kun Yi 劉坤一, governor of Liang Jiang 両江総督. This contained his original ideas about constitutionalism, but it was not completely accepted by Liu, it is important that the governor regarded the local elite as the leader of constitutional reform. Zhang traveled to Japan in 1903, where he visited many schools, factories, etc, and worked to make blue print of local self-government for China. This experience helped him firmly develop his idea of political reform. Turning to Zhang's political thought, particularly the relationship between nation building and local self-government, his idea to mediate this relationship emphasized the role of enlightend local elites. They would take part in local self-government and administration according to their organization of political parties and participation in legislative assemblies. Zhang's ideas were connected to his traditional view of the world whose starting point was individual virtue 徳.
1999-01-20

著者

田中比呂志
東京学芸大学教育学部

清末民初における立憲制と地方エリート : 張謇における立憲と地方自治の思想

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