Experimental Studies on Pressure Distribution in Orifice Jet Flows of Low Reynolds Numbers

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The present paper deals with an experimental review of orifice flows in oil hydraulic lines. Pressure differences were measured between two separated points on a pipe wall downstream of an orifice. Unexpectedly an abrupt vanishment of pressure drops and recoveries was observed at a specified rate of flow. Measurements of continuous pressure profiles revealed that the 'vanishment' results from an unknown phenomenon which characterizes orifice flows of low Reynolds numbers: when the Reynolds number falls below a critical value, the pressure recovery region starts to move downstream farther from the orifice as the Reynolds number decreases. The critical Reynolds number takes a smaller value for a greater enlargement ratio of an orifice to a pipe. Unexpectedly it also varies with the line pressure.
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