Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Bioceramics : Strategies to regenerate skeleton at Tissue Engineering Research Center

概要

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Bone is formed by cells called osteoblasts, which arise from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The cells are known to exist in thin tissues surrounding bone (periosteum) and bone marrow, but the population is extremely small. The number of marrow derived MSCs can be expanded using tissue culture technique, furthermore, the culture expanded MSCs have in vitro capability to differentiate into osteoblasts. Importantly, the cultured osteoblasts can form extra cellular matrix in the culture condition. The matrix consists of fine crystals of hydroxyapatite comparable to natural bone mineral evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It is possible to fabricate the osteoblasts/bone matrix on the surface of bioceramics. Thus formed in vitro cultured bone can show further bone forming capability after in vivo implantation. We commenced the study of this tissue engineering approach for the patients with skeletal problems. The paper describes this approach as well as another approaches using MSCs in order to regenerate skeletal tissue.
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