ボールゲームにおける状況判断研究のための基本概念の検討

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概要

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• The term "situational judgement" has been used often in the field of ball games in our country. However, the study on situational judgement in ball games has been hardly deve1oped. This is partly caused by unclearness of the object of study, as situational judgement and situational judgement ability, at the conceptual level. Then it was attempted in this paper to consider and clarify three basic concepts, i.e., situational judgement in ball games, situational judgement ability in ball dames, and game situation, from such an uncultivated field. From another point of view, this paper can be regarded as an attempt to present some theoretical frameworks for the study on situational judgement in ball games. (1) Situational judgement in ball games was considered synonymous with decisionmaking in the game, and defined as "to make a decision what to play in the game". Next, the process of situational judgement in ball games was considered from the information processing approach, and a conceptual linear model of the process, which contains selective attention to outer game situation, recognition of game situation, anticipation of game situation, and decision on play, was presented. Finally, situational judgement in ball games was classified into ones of four levels according to the hierarchy of the decisions in the game. (2) Situational judgement ability in ball games was defined as "the ability to make situational judgement, i.e., to make a decision what to play, in the specific ball game". And it was discussed that situational judgement ability was an indispensable element of skill in each ball game. Next, four abilities at each sub-process of the above-mentioned process model were identified as the constituents of situational judgement ability in ball games. Finally, a few quasi-synonyms, as tactical ability and game sense, were discussed. (3) Game situation was defined as "the unity of all stimuli having influence on a player in the game". And their stimulus elements were shown concretely under the objective ones (outer game situation) and the subjective ones in order to understand the concept more clearly. Next, game situation was classified with reference to situational judgement from two different view points, the one is that it is static game situation in which tha game is started after stoppage or dynamic game situation in which the game is evo1ving; the other is that it is the game situation in which the plays to choose from can be standardized theoretically or the game situation in which such plays cannot be standardized theoretically. Combinding these two taxonomy, game situation was classified under four categories. About the frameworks presented in this paper, more theoretical consideration should be expected, and in parallel their validity and practical usefulness should be verified by the corroborative studies in future.

• 社団法人日本体育学会の論文
• 1984-03-01

著者

• 中川 昭

  筑波大学体育科学系

• 中川 昭

  筑波大学体育科学研究科

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