燒入鋼の時効に就て
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Carbon steels containing various percentages of carbon from 0.03 upto 1.5 which were quenched in water or oil from γ-state, were aged at room temperature for about 2 months, during which the change in Rockwell hardness as well as electrical resistance was studied. Further, the effect of tempering on these properties of freshly quenched specimens and also of aged ones was investigated. The results of experiments are as follows : - (1) The hardness of quenched steels is increased by aging at room temperature, the increase being greater in low than in high carbon steels. (2) Electrical resistance is decreased by aging, especially in high carbon steels, while in hyper-eutectoid steel quenched from temperatures above 1, 000° it increases. (3) By tempering at 100° for 30 minutes, maximum hardness is obtained in quenched specimens and also aged ones, although the increase in hardness is greater in the former than in the latter. (4) When quenched specimens are tempered at 60°, the change in electrical resistance corresponding to that during aging is shown, but in aged specimens no appreciable change is observable. Tempering at 100° or more decreases electrical resistance considerably, the change being similar in both specimens. The aging-phenomenon is satisfactorily explained as the combined effect of the nature of structural constituents, i. e., supersaturated solid solution of carbon in α-iron and α-martensite, together with that of internal stress caused by quenching. In α-iron, in the process of separation of cementite molecules during aging at room temperature as in the case of the quenching below A_1 point, carbon atoms migrate within the lattice to concentrate themselves ; this assemblage of carbon atoms causes the distortion of iron lattice and therefore the hardening of steels. During aging at room temperature the softer α-martensite transforms into harder β-martensite, so hardness increases but electrical resistance decreases. Furthermore, hardness and electrical resistance must be diminished by reduction of internal stress.
- 社団法人日本鉄鋼協会の論文
- 1933-03-25
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