台湾民族学研究史概説(<特集>台湾研究)

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The first step toward ethnographical research on the Formosan natives is to be found in the 17th century when Formosa was under the rule of the Dutch who had left us many materials in their official documents. In the age of Chin dynasty the Chinese travellers visited Formosa and left reports in which we can find many valuable data. After the Japanese occupation (1895), the Special Commission for Inquiry on the Olden Customs of Formosa was established by Baron GOTO, Civil Governor of Formosa. This commission, under the leadership of Dr. S. OKAMATSU, mabe survey-works on the customs of the Formosan Chinese and the sinicized aborigines and afterwards on those of the aborigines. Although the travelling through the area of headhunters was very perilous at that time, steady researches were continued by the members of the commission and their reports did amount to huge volume. The pioneer in the ethnography on the Formosan natives was Dr. Ryuzo TORII, who landed at the Botel Tobago and investigated the Yami in the year of 1897. We must remember the names of Mr. Usinosuke MORI and Mr. Yoshinori INO : the former carved out ways of research among the dangerous aborigines and collected many ethnological specimens, that have been reserved in the Museum of the Government-General. Mr. INO endeavoured mostly on the history of Formosa. His works on the siniciezed aborigines, whose original cultures were disappearing rapidly at that time, are of value. It may be said that Mr. MORI and Mr. INO were the founders of the Formosan history and ethnology. After these forerunners, many researchers appeared in Formosa. Mr. Magane KOIZUMI travelled in the northern mountain region and eastern coast. Dr. Tadao KANO had engaged devotedly in fieldwork covering almost all aboriginal villages and published many articles on the ethnological, archaeological and entomological subjects. One of his works in collaboration with Kokichi SEGAWA, was published recently. In the year of 1928, the Taihoku Imperial University was established and the institute of ethnology was opened in the university under the supervision of Prof. Nenozo UTSURIKAWA, collaborated with Nobuto MIYAMOTO and Mr. Toichi MABUCHI. The important works among the results of the institute were a genealogical study of the Formosan natives and establishment of a ethnological museum in which ethnological and archaeological materials were collected, amounting to ten thousands in number. After a revolt (called "Musha Jihen") in the year of 1929, in which one hundred and more Japanese police-men and their families were killed by the Musha tribesmen, the Atayal, the government's policy against the aborigines was changed, and the migration of the aborigines from deep mountain areas to the foothill regions was planned. Accordingly the government had to undertake the close observation on territories, agriculture and village life of the aborigines. Mr. Kameichiro HIRASAWA, Mr. Kokichi SEGAWA and other members were engaged in field-work for several years and huge reports were published by the government. After the establishment of the university the studies on the natives were operated vividly in various ways. Dr. Yuzuru OKADA investigated the social organization of the Tsou, Atayal and the Pangtsah tribes. Prof. Naoyoshi OGAWA, who had published already several dictionaries of the native dialects, published in cooperation with Dr. Erin ASAI "Myths and Traditions of the Formosan Natives" in the original languages. Dr. ASAI also collected many native songs and recorded the melodies of the sinicized aborigines which had survived among them. In the agricultural section Prof. Iku OKUDA made a contribution to the government's administration and science. Prof. Takeo KANASEKI made physical anthropological researches upon various tribes. He made also many contribution in the field of archaeology as described later. The researches in the Formosan Chinese have been neglected comparatively to this day, but in the early days of the Japanese occupation Mr. Keijiro MARUI left a precious works on the religion of thes people, and afterwards the task was succeeded by Mr. Fukutaro MASUDA. Mr. Toshio IKEDA'S work on the custom of these people must be remembered and the "Journal of the Formosan Folklore" edited by him and Prof. KANASEKI gave much interest to various readers. The archaeology in Formosa was opened with the discovery of the MARUYAMA shell mound. The stone implements in this site were reported at first by Mr. Denzo AONO and were confirmed by Mr. INO. This site was excavated frequently by many scholars, and Dr. Atsushi MIYAHARA was one of them, but regretfully no complete report has yet appeared. Afterwards the shell mounds were discovered in many places in western coast. The stone coffins were also discovered here and there in the island, and in the Kenting-liao site in the southern extremity of Formosa every stone coffins contained human bones. Mr. Naoichi KOKUBU excavated several shell mounds and other sites and reported the results. Prof. KANASEKI and Mr. KOKUBU pointed out the painted potteries in several sites and estimated the continental influence upon Formosa in the old days.
日本文化人類学会の論文
1954-03-25

台湾民族学研究史概説(<特集>台湾研究)

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