文化の超有機體説に對する心理學的考察
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
Kroeber insisted on man's "social" nature-a trait which distinguishes him from animals. Sapir doubted this, and thus the problem of why man is essentially "social" still remains. Here lies a psychological issue, which in recent years has given rise to emphasis on the concepts of symbol and sign. The existence of culture is necessarily connected with the symbolic faculty, as White has ponited out. But White does not explore the final implications of this. When we consider the creative development of culure by Homo sapiens and when we consider the psychological nature of the symbolic faculty, we cannot but admit the creative power of this symbolic faculty. In this faculty of using the symbol we see likewise the faculty of creating the symbol. White regards man as a constant ; culture as an independent variable. We see, however, that men are not really constant because of their unique psychological creative faculty. Enculturation into a given culture depends essentially on the exercise of this faculty. It seems we are obliged at least in principle to admit that the individual may have the power to change culture, although the cultural stream in the long view appears generally so determining that the individual seems powerless. Obviously we cannot neglect the concept of the super-individual nature of culture and deny that we are able to study culture as if it were an independent entity. For example, we must know the structure of any culture before we study the process of enculturation of an individual into that culture. The most important inquiry would seem to lie in the area of the interdependence between the individual and cultural process, especially when investigating a small community culture intensively and minutely. Thus we may conclude that culture is not entirely super-individual.
- 日本文化人類学会の論文
- 1950-08-15
著者
関連論文
- V 総括と補足(社会調査 : 座談会)
- IV CIE における社会調査の展開(社会調査 : 座談会)
- III 戰後の日本における社会調査の傾向(社会調査 : 座談会)
- II 単独調査の経験(社会調査 : 座談会)
- I 我が国における社会調査の沿革(社会調査 : 座談会)
- 文化人類学と心理学--故クラックホーン教授の見解
- 文化人類学と心理学 : 故クラックホーン教授の見解
- シンポジウム「最近の『民族学研究』と『社会人類学』」を読んで(編集者への手紙)
- 文化の超有機性についての考察 : D. Bidney: Theoretical Anthropologyをめぐって
- The Science of Culture A Study of Man and Civilization, xx, 444pp., Farrar, Straus and Co., New York, 1949
- 文化の超有機體説に對する心理學的考察
- 呪術概念の問題
- 棚瀬襄爾著, 『宗教文化史學序説』, 昭和二十三年九月, 青山書院發行, A5判, 二一一頁, 定價二三〇圓
- 大場千秋著, 原始民族の實驗心理學, 昭和二十三年五月, 中和書院發行, B6判, 二五八頁, 定價一五〇圓
- 棚瀬襄爾著「宗教文化史学序説」
- 未開人と舞踊 : 律動の觀點に立つて