ペレストロイカの下での国有企業改革 : 国家発注制度の実施とその限界

概要

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It seems that the 1987 reform, which centered on the Law on State Enterprises under Perestroika, was an important turning point in Russian history; as up to this point, the Soviet Union had been attempting gradual reforms represented in the system of state orders (Goszahaz). The 1987 reform is important from two perspectives. First, the reform attempted to introduce market elements into the economic system and secondly, it also attempted to grant enterprises more autonomy. State orders were obligatory for enterprises, but it was planned that the contents and volume of state orders would be reduced gradually. Subsequently, market elements would be introduced into the economic system and grant enterprises more autonomy. However, because of so many flaws and problems, the system of state orders did not play an important role in replacing Soviet style centralized resource distribution by wholesale trade. Furthermore, since the majority of state orders weren't reduced on schedule, enterprises were never granted planned autonomies. This system brought confusion to the supply system, and as a consequence of reducing the majority of state orders by the Temporary Resolution, the supply system began to disintegrate and was replaced by centralized-resource allocation through barter deals under insufficient wholesale trade.
ロシア史研究会の論文
2004-11-10