一八世紀スコットランド農書史概観 : その特質と意義
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概要
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The history of publishing agricultural writings in Scotland had been much delayed in comparison with England, probably reflecting the difference of agricultural developments between two countries. But, by the end of the seventeenth century, a significant demand for suc1h writings seemed to exist among landowning classes who had begun to improve their estates. The parliamentary union of 1707 had, in consequence, an effect of inducing Scottish leading people to aware of their economic backwardness by increasing communications between Scotland and England. This awareness lead those people to take some actions for improving their state, such as establishing the Society of Improvers in the Knowledge of Agriculture in Scotland which was the first institution as the agricultural sdciety in Britain, and stimulate them to write on agriculture as well as manufacturing. Scottish agricultural writers suggested some specific programs to be adopted, and emphasized that landowners as well as farmers in Scotland should recognize their delayed situations and try to catch up to the level of English farming. Thus, those writers concentrated not only on technological aspects of agricultural improvements but on ideoloigical ones, that is, how to provoke the willingness of landowners of farmers to introduce and adopt new know-ledges and techniques from England or Continent. But, those writers had increasingly recognized the importance of agriculture as the scientific and rational systems appropriate to the peculiar environments and climates in Scotland. Then, Lord Kames and Andrew Wight had begun the work of collecting informations about the examples of remarkable improvements achieved anywhere in Scotland herself and diffusing them everwhere there. If such examples, they thought, were found or felt to be found in close neibourhoods, some spirits of emulation might be kindled among farmers or landowners themselves. In pursuing their private interests by emulating the examples of their neibours' achievements, they could contribute to rise the national agricultural production as a whole and thus promote the public interests. Such an idea could be said as a kind of modernizing ideology contrived by Scottish agricultural Writers of the eighteenth century.
- 社会経済史学会の論文
- 1985-07-30
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関連論文
- 加用信文著, 『増訂版 イギリス古農書考』, 御茶の水書房、一九八九年十二月, x+四五七頁, 四四〇〇円
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