ポーランド王国繊維工業の成立における政府の役割

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The modern industry of the Polish Kingdom made rapid progress in the second half of the nineteenth century. The textile industry in the Lodz region was the nucleus of the development. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the role of the state policy 1830 in the formation and growth of the textile industry. In the formative period of the Kingdom, agriculture as a main industry was stagnant and national finance got stringent by reason of Napoleonic Wars. The government under active direction of the Finance Minister Lubecki compulsorily embarked on the reconstruction of economy with broad support from people nourishing a sense of national crisis. We might mention here that the government of the Polish Kingdom before 1830 held considerable independency in making decisions and carring out its own policy, in spite of the fact that the Kingdom was under the rule of Russia. The efforts were mainly directed to the formation of textile industry. For this aim the government afforded support to journals which gave information about industrial situations of advanced countries in the West and propageted new thought and technical knowledge. The government also invited technical experts from abroad and established institutions for technical training in Warsaw and other cities. Both the dredging and conservancy of main rivers and the construction of trunkroad network contributed to the formation of home market. While the tariff circumstances were more acutely concerned in the formation of market. From 1822, when Russia switched her tariff policy to a protective one, the Kingdom held favorable tariff condition to the growth of textile industry, particularly woolen industry, protecting it from competition with products of the West and securing market in Russia. In 1830 people rose in revolt against Russia and suddenly things had an unfavorable turn. The woolen industry of the Kingdom fell into crisis and cotton industry grew in place of it during 1830's and 1840's. From 1851 the Polish Kingdom was incorporated into the tariff area of Russia and was given guarantee for sale in Russia as a result. The government, in addition, directed its efforts to the introduction of skilled hands in the industry. While handicraftsmen from abroad were granted various rights and financial supports in alignment with this policy, the industrial districts were settled in some cities by the government. The development of the Lodz textile industry was by far the most striking achievement of the policy. From 1816 financial help for the industry was continued on an extensive scald by the government or the Bank of Poland established in 1828. The government of the Polish Kingdom worked out policy and played an active part in the reconstruction of economy and rearing of industry. Indeed its activity was stopped at 1831, but the thought and efforts were handed over to an institution such as the Bank of Poland in the coming period in which the polish capitalism came into bloom. It might be estimated that the role of the government in the formative period of the capitalism in Poland in the nineteenth century was fundamentally important.
社会経済史学会の論文
1982-07-15

著者

藤井和夫
関西学院大学

ポーランド王国繊維工業の成立における政府の役割

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