Two Modes of Social Impact Assessments : Scientific vs. Empowerment-oriented Approach

概要

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This paper aims to describe some features of empowerment-oriented social impact assessments in comparison with the traditional, scientific mode of social impact assessments. Since the 1980s the empowerment-oriented approach has been growing as an alternative to the scientific approach in many areas of policy sciences. In this paper I will show not only that social impact assessments can be empowerment-oriented but also that such social impact assessments are effective tools with which people empower themselves.The remainder of this paper is organized in five sections. Section 2 gives an analytical framework to describe planning processes. Three categories are identified; paradigm, methodology, and technique. Social impact assessment is a methodology in the planning process. Section 3 explores some features of the so-called scientific paradigm by using the categories developed in Section 2. Section 4 highlights the issue of "citizen participation" in the process of social impact assessments on the basis of the scientific paradigm. Section 5 reviews some works of the precursors conducting empowerment-oriented social impact assessments and examines some critical points in the procedure of empowerment-oriented social impact assessment.
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