東京の世界都市化再考
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概要
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This paper aims to critically rethink of the global city hypothesis on the basis of analyzing the globalization process of Tokyo. Global city theorists have insisted that the global city is characterized by the production of global control and management over the capital accumulation on the world scale, particularly the arrangement of international financial services. The analysis based on census data, however, reveals that the driving force to globalize Tokyo in the late 1980s was the manufacturing sector rather than the service sector. The global city hypothesis has regarded the rapid increase in the volume of international financial transactions in the Tokyo market as a symbolic phenomena of the globalization of Tokyo. Although Japanese transnational banks have been dealing with the largest amount of money in the international money market since the 1980s, this does not mean their strong competitiveness per se, if anything, Japanese transnational banks shows the lower competence to innovate financial technologies. The financial power of Japanese banks relies much on the competitive advantage of Japanese, particularly Tokyo-based, manufacturing industries which give rise to a large amount of trade surplus. Not only did Tokyo-based manufacturing giants develop the transnational networks of branch plants in the late 1980s but they restructured their domestic production systems as well. The 'hollowing-out' of the manufacturing sector took place in Tokyo to much less extent than its counterparts; the restructuring process in Japanese manufacturing enterprises made Tokyo a place where R & D and prototyping functions were concentrated. As a result, different from New York and London, the globalization of Tokyo has been based on the regional advantage pertaining to product development capability in the manufacturing sector. As an influential node of the world-wide city system, Tokyo specializes in the production of global control over the manufacturing production and innovation.