欧米に測る民俗学の諸傾向 : 地域民族学としての民俗学
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概要
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This paper is an analysis of the interrelationships of the disciplines of Folklore, Volkskunde, and Ethnology, with particular emphasis on Volkskunde, in Eurdpe and America, with a comparison of the developments of the same sciences in Japan. 1. Terminology : Words which have been used to denote the science of Folklore include such terms as: Folklore ; Traditions populaires; Folklife research ; Volkskunde : Demology ; Laographia ; Ethnology ; Ethnography ; and many others. The present trend is to limit terminology to such words as : Folklore ; Volkskunde ; Ethnology ; Ethnography ; Cultural Anthropology ; and Social Anthropology. 2. Folklore : This word is used to denote both (1), the materials of folklore, and (2) , the science of Folklore. The former concept, in Japan, is generally taken to mean the orally transmitted, spiritual tradition of the folk, and includes such items as : survivals in a modern urban milieu ; the traditional part of folk culture ; the comprehensive term for a class of traditional phenomena ; degenerated religion ; folktales ; orally transmitted popular literature ; oral tradition ; folk culture, and so forth. The character of Folklore science varies with the differing elements included in the individual interpretations of the term folklore. 3. Folk (Volk) : In Folklore, Volkskunde, and Ethnology, the term folk is an inportant concept. Japanese folklorists usually use the word folk to mean "the common people," and it is understood to embody such concepts as : nation ; lower stratum; old fashioned segments within a complex civilization ; basic culture carrying social stratum ; mental and emotional communion, etc. 4. Volkskunde : The word Volkskunde, just as is the case with the term Folklore science, is taken to denote a number of related concepts, such as : folk culture ; survivals in folk culture : peasantry and their tradition ; people (Volk) ; soul of the people ; folklife ; man (science of man). 5. Methods : There are four basic approaches to research : Historical, geographical, sociological, and psychological. Many combinations of these methods are in use. When Folklore science in Japan was founded, it was greatly influenced by the folklore studies of mid-ninteenth century England, and it continues to be based on the principals of historical reconstruction. However, as the disciplines of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology develop, the scope of research broadens and today, as in Europe, the tendancy toward regional Ethnology is becoming stronger.
- 日本文化人類学会の論文
- 1967-06-30
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