中・東部インド未開諸族における<死後の生活観> : Austroasia語系諸族を中心に
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In his recent article, The After-Life in Indian Tribal Belief (1953), C. von Furer-Haimendorf presented the hypothesis that the post-Vedic Hindu concept of successive existences in a chain of rebirths owes its origin to the eastern tribal belief about after-life, and he supported this argument witt h the following facts : first, the concept of transmigration and reincarnation of souls is peculiar to India and absent not only among other Indo-European peoples, but also among the Rigyedic Aryans ; secondly, if so, the rise of this concept in post-Vedic thought suggests that the earlier Aryan beliefs were gradually transformed under the influence of certain indigenous concepts held by populations with which the Vedic Aryans came ihto contact after their arrival in India, and according to him this is not unlikely if we consider that not a few concepts stemming from pre-Aryan civilizations have found their way into Hindu thought and scriptures, just as concepts of orthodox Hinduism have been assimilated by many bf the primitive tribes. Finally, he stated that the soul-concepts and the eschatological ideas of the Indian primitive tribes fall into two different patterns, represented respectively by the Raj Gonds of Middle India and the Assam hill tribes. Among the latter, we find the clear concept of a soul of 'psyche type ', which can leave the matariel body even in a man's life-time, and the detailed picture which shows an interminable series of ' Lands of the Dead ', the inevitable death of a person after a span of life in any such ' Land of the Dead ' and ' the gurdian ' of this Land. Depending on these facts C. von Fdrer-Haimendort came to the conclusion that such a belief of the Assam tribes may have contributed to the develoopment of the Hindu concept of transmigration of souls. But he also added that he did not suggest the immediate contact of the Vedic Aryans with any of the Tibeto-Burman speaking tribes now living on India's north-eastern borders. Rather the Vedic Aryans came into contact with some populations, during their eastwards movement along the Ganges valley, holding eschatological beliefs conceptually similar to those still found among some of the more isolated hill tribes.
- 日本文化人類学会の論文
- 1959-01-25
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関連論文
- 中部インド諸族における所有原理の研究 II : 比較考察
- タルブ・ムンダ族の穀霊逃亡観
- L. A. KRISHNA IYER & L.K. BALA RATNAM, Anthropology in India., Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1961. 257p., xi, 43 pls.
- 象徴的結婚 : 中部インド Munda 諸族の豊饒儀礼
- Irawati KARVE, Kinship Organisation in India, Deccan College Monograph Series Vol.11, Poona, Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute, 1953, x+304p., 4 maps
- FURER-HAIMENDGRF, Elizabeth von, An Anthropological Bibliography of South Asia, Together With a Directory of Recent Anthropological Field Work, Le Monde D'outre-Mer, 4me Serie, Vol.3., Mouton & Co., Paris. 748pp.
- 2. 文化人類學の立場から (2)(誌上シンポジウム 人類学の体系と教育組織について)
- 中・東部インド未開諸族における : Austroasia語系諸族を中心に