日本産クロガシラ属(褐藻)の分類学的研究
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概要
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The marine algal genus Sphacelaria (Sphacelariales, Phaeophyceae) distributed in Japan was studied morphologically and taxonomically with field and cultured plants. There were over 100 species described under the genus in the world, but in Europe PRUD'HOMME VAN REINE (1982) revised this taxon and disposed of many synonymous species.However, for the Pacific coast there is no monographic study, although particularly in Japan until now several authors recorded 28 species (including 18 new species).In fact most of these species are doubtful and lacking descriptions of many important structures, i. e., propagules, unilocular sporangia, plurilocular sporangia, because these authors used only preserved specimens. Especially, there is no knowledge about the morphological variations of propagules. It is also difficult to observe these structures in the same species using field materials, since the sporophytes and gametophytes are separate plants and different from each other in favorable conditions for maturation. Therefore, in the genus there was much taxonomic confusion for a long time resulting in many unreal species. I investigated the morphology of both vegetative and reproductive structures in plants derived from the same strains. As a result, I recognized nine species including a new species; viz., Sphacelaria plumigera HOLMES, S. californica SAUVAGEAU ex SETCHELL et GARDNER, S. tribuloides MENEGHINI, S. cornuta SAUVAGEAU, S. nipponica sp. nov., S. rigidula KUTZING, S. divaricata MONTAGNE, S. solitaria (PRINGSHEIM) KYLIN, and S. yamadae SEGAWA. Branching pattern of erect thalli is useful to distinguish S. plumigera and S. californica from other species; Thalli of this two species are pinnate and those of other species are irregularly branched. Manner of first division in propagule subapical cells is useful to separate the section Tribuloides (S. californica, S. tribuloides, S. cornuta, S. nipponica) and section Furcigerae (S. rigidula, S. divaricata, S. solitaria, S.yamadae); The former shows the equal division type and the latter the unequal division. Length (L) and ratio of (width of shoulders)/(width of waist) (WS/WW)of propagules are useful to separate each species in the section Tribuloides. S. californica, S. tribuloides and S. cornuta are less than 180μm in L, and S. nipponica is more than 180μm in L. WS/WW ratio is 1.1-1.8 in S. californica, 1.5-3.6 in S. tri-buloides, 2.8-5.5 in S. cornuta, and 0.8-5.1 in S. nipponica. Branching patterns of the cylindrical propagules and length/diameter (L/D) ratios of unilocular sporangia and plurilocular sporangia are useful to separate the species in the section Furcigerae. S. rigidula produces bi-, tri- or tetrafurcate propagules, spherical young unilocular sporangia and barrel-shaped plurilocular sporangia. S. divaricata produces symmetrica1 bifurcate propagules, spherical young unilocular sporangia and club-shaped plurilocular sporangia. S. solitaria produces asymmetrical bifurcate propagules, ellipsoidal young unilocular sporangia and club-shaped plurilocular sporangia. S. yamadae produces symmetrical bifurcate propagules with constrictions at base of the arms, spherical young unilocular sporangia and club-shaped plurilocular sporangia. Most of the other species recorded from Japan are synonymized with S. rigidula (=S. caespitosa, S. expansa, S. iridaeophytica, S. iwagasakensis, S. linearis, S. sessilis, S. subfusca and S. variabilis), S. divaricata (=S. furcigera sensu Reinke, S. hizikiae, S. prostrata, S. radicans sensu YENDO, S. tenuis TAKAMATSU), S. solitaria (=S. shiiyaensis, S. divaricata f. japonica, S. viridis), S. yamadae (=S. pyriformis and S. radiata). Detail descriptions and taxonomic remarks were made for each species. Keys to the subgenera, sections and species were given in the last chapter. Cladistic analysis always showed clear separation of the section Furcigerae and section Tribuloides except for S. californica.
- 国立科学博物館の論文
- 1994-09-22
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