グローバリゼーションと「社会的経済」 : グローカルな,新たな「公共性」を求めて,あるいはハーバーマスとの批判的対話

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In the debates over the future of social welfare and development policy throughout the world, increasingly more attention has been attracted by the rise of 'the social economy sector' consisting of co-operatives, mutuals and NPOs as the third sector. Globalization as promoted by the neo-liberal economic policies in order to break the deadlock of the welfare states has now spread throughout the entire world. It is threatening the welfare states, as well as provoking a crisis that confronts what Habermas terms people's 'life worlds' in all parts of the globe. One of the most significant background factors in the rise of 'the social economy sector' can be located here. The decline of the welfare states and the destruction of people's 'life worlds' have resulted in the increased clustering of associations and social movements through which participants attempt to defend the social and environmental sustainability of their means of livelihood on their own behalf. This has become a stimulant for the revival of the civil society (Zivilgesellschaft in Habermas's definition), and the creation of a new public (social) sphere from the bottom up: on the one hand, in other words, through creating a new public political sphere, that is, through democratizing democracy, and, on the other hand, by creating a new public economic sphere, ― that is, by transforming systemized fields of economy into those of the network of 'social economies' in order to limit and contain the position and the share held by the former within an appropriate range. In particular, this article emphasizes global dimensions as well as the local dimensions of these three elements of the new public sphere, insofar as globalization has played a key role in necessitating the birth of the new public sphere as a means of countering the threatening effects of globalization itself in regard to the sustainability of people's 'life worlds'. For this reason, the article also attempts to draw a concrete image of the nature that the new 'glocal' public sphere ought ideally to have, in order to bring about the best possible social and environmental sustainability for the 21st century. As a means towards the accomplishment of this task, the author has found it useful to undertake a critical consideration of Habermas' theory, which developed through his major theoretical evolution from The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (1962) to Between Facts and Norms (1992).
2003-03-05

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粕谷信次
法政大学経済学部

グローバリゼーションと「社会的経済」 : グローカルな,新たな「公共性」を求めて,あるいはハーバーマスとの批判的対話

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