Biological investigations of the Antarctic ice sheet: review, problems and projects
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
The Antarctic Icecap has attracted considerable attention of scientists for many years. Many microbiological and general biological studies of the ground surface, snow and glacial cover have been performed. In recent decades, it has been discovered that the Antarctic ice sheet is a unique depository of paleoclimatic and paleomicrobiological information that reflects previous ecological events on our planet. Thus, dust particles, spores, plant pollen, and different microorganisms, which were brought onto the glacier surface by wind, appear to be gradually buried in the glacier layers and preserved in the frozen state for hundreds thousands years. These investigations have become especially important in the era of space research, many scientists consider the Antarctic as the most appropriate model to solve some methodical problems in astrobiology. Further developments and improvements of drilling methods have made it possible to penetrate into the deepest levels of the Antarctic Icecap, including the lower layers of so-called accretion ice above the sub-glacial Lake Vostok. The initial glaciological and microbiological investigations were mainly focused on the glacier ice and gave very useful information on the history of the Earth's climate and the distribution of dust particles and microorganisms in the ice sheet during different periods. However, studies of the deep accretion ice and the sub-glacial Lake Vostok are expected to provide more insight into relict microbial forms and give rise to new investigations of the Antarctic ice cover. These works should include searches for microbial life in the accretion ice and Lake Vostok, and requires new biological techniques, new multidisciplinary approaches and international cooperation. Nowadays, biological investigations of the Earth's polar regions are of paramount importance in view of current ecological problems. Of no less significance is the search for possible extraterrestrial life, since permafrost and glaciers are widely spread in the Universe; this is why, researchers have paid great attention to the Antarctic as a model for astrobiology.
- 国立極地研究所の論文
- 2004-02-01
著者
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Fukuchi Mitsuo
National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
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Kanda Hiroshi
National Institute of Polar Research, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan.
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SAVATYUGIN Lev
Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
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Imura Satoshi
National Institute of Polar Research
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Naganuma Takeshi
School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University
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Kanda Hiroshi
National Institute Of Polar Research
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Abyzov Sabit
Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences
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Mitskevich Irina
Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences
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Poglazova Margarita
Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences
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Ivanov Mikhail
Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences
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Abyzov Sabit
Institute Of Microbiology Russian Academy Of Sciences
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Ivanov Mikhail
Institute Of Microbiology Russian Academy Of Sciences
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Imura Satoshi
National Inst. Polar Res. Tokyo
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Fukuchi Mitsuo
National Inst. Of Polar Res. Kaga Tokyo 173-8515 Jpn
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Naganuma Takeshi
School Of Biosphere Sciemce Hiroshima University
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Naganuma Takeshi
School Of Biosphere Sciences Hiroshima University
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Mitskevich Irina
Institute Of Microbiology Russian Academy Of Sciences
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Poglazova Margarita
Institute Of Microbiology Russian Academy Of Sciences
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Kanda Hiroshi
National Aerospace Laboratory
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Fukuchi Mitsuo
National Inst. Of Polar Res. 10-3 Midori-cho Tachikawa Tokyo 190-8518 Jpn
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- Preface
- 2. Vertical profiles of phytoplankton pigments
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- PART 2. DATA ON PLANKTON SAMPLING
- PART 1. OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- OBSERVATION HUT
- FREQUENCY OF OBSERVATION
- PREFACE
- Foreword
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- ON THE PITUITARY GLAND OF THE SAFFRON COD, ELEGINUS GRACILIS, AND THEIR COLD ADAPTATION (14th Symposium on Polar Biology)
- CEAMARC, the Collaborative East Antarctic Marine Census for the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (IPY # 53): An overview
- 2. Vertical profiles of phytoplankton pigments
- 1. Geographical variations of chlorophyll a in the surface water
- Report on the phytoplankton pigments measured during the JARE-31 cruise to Syowa Station, Antarctica, November 1989 to March 1990(Marine Biology 23)
- COLD ADAPTATION OF M_4 LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE FROM THE ANTARCTIC FISH, TREMATOMUS BERNACCHII (ABSTRACT) (14th Symposium on Polar Biology)
- Marine biological data of BIOMASS programme at Syowa Station in the 1982 winter(JARE-23)(Marine Biology 6)