フローラ=トリスタンにおける「労働権」と「教育への権利」
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概要
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I clarify the historical context in which the Right to instruction became one of social rights (Right to life, Right to instruction, Right to work, and so on). This paper is a historical study to examine some aspects of social rights, especially focusing upon the relationship between the Right to work and the Right to instruction. We are concerned with Flora Tristan (1803-1844) and one of her writings Union Ouvriere. She argued the Right to work and the Right to instruction in the first half of the 19th century France. But, in the preceding researches, little attention has been given to this fact. She insisted that the working class should unite internationally and should acquire some rights. Those rights are Right to work, Right to instruction, and Right to send their representatives for the National Assembly. That is to say, she considered Right to work and Right to instruction as one of the working class's "fundamental" rights. Her concept of Right to work equals Right to life for the working class, because the workingmen must earn their living only by their own labors. So they must have the right which provide them with works (in brief, Right to work). According to her proposal, works would be provided to the working class in the institutions called "Palais de l'union ouvriere". They would be established as institutions which would practice the idea of "Organisation du Travail" in every prefecture. The idea of "Organisation du Travail" was energetically advocated by several contemporary thinkers (e.g. Considerant, Lois Blanc, and so on). Tristan also had a plan of "Organisation du Travail", which was a working class's "utopian" community. In "Palais de l'union ouvriere", residences, farms, workshops (not English "workhouses") and schools would be established. There, the working class's life would be protected synthetically. And then the working class's children would have opportunities to work and to learn working. In this context, Right to work and Right to instruction had the close relationship. We should point out that Tristan's Right to instruction is very a "Right to vocational instruction", which included the "Right to moral and intellectual instruction". She considered that such instruction would make a contribution to preventing profligacy and to solving the problem of working class's ignorance. She advocated the working class's rights in order to improve the quality of working class's life.
- 東京大学の論文
- 1997-12-12