北イエメンにおける地方行政区分と部族
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
My hypothesis is that, if Yemen is a tribal society and most of the Yemeni people are farmers working on their land, there must be a relation between the tribes and the regional divisions. Thus, the purpose of my study is to make clear the relationship between the tribal structure and the structure of regional division. This study consists of three parts, the recent relationship between the tribes and the rural administrative divisions in North Yemen (the former Yemen Arab Republic before the unity of two Yemens in 1990), the history of the traditional regional divisions in medieval times, and the transformation from the traditional regional divisions to the rural administrative divisions in modern times. This paper is the above first part. In this paper, the tribal structure means the structual segmentation of Yemeni tribes (the group of tribes, tribe, section and extended family), and the structure of regional divisions means the hierarchical five levels of rural administrative divisions (province, sub-province, nahiyah, ^cuzlah and village). In San^ca' Province in the late 1970s, although there are some exceptions, the nahiyah level corresponds to the tribe level and the ^cuzlah level corresponds to the section level in general. This relationship is more clear in the southern area of San^c a' Province, because it is a more suitable area for agriculture than the northern area. At the ^cuzlah level, there are three kinds of title for regional divisions. They are ^cuzlah, mikhlaf and fraction (one third and so on). The mikhlaf and fraction are used only in the nahiyah, which is occupied by a single tribe (the single tribe nahiyah). The ^cuzlah is used both in the single and plural tribes nahiyah. Some works on the Yemeni tribal or rural society mentioned that each tribe has their representative (shaykh) and each ^cuzlah also has their shaykh. However, as the result of my fieldwork, which was carried out in five nahiyahs of San^ca' Province in 1990-91,the tribal society has not both but only one of these. In the case of the plural tribes nahiyah, they have a shaykh in each ^cuzlah only, and there is no shaykh at the nahiyah level. On the other hand, in the case of the single tribe nahiyah, they have a shaykh only at the nahiyah level and there is no shaykh at the ^cuzlah level. Although there are variations in each area, it can be said that one of the most distinctive features in the tribal society of North Yemen is the correspondence between the name of the tribal group and the land name of the regional division. It shows the close relationship between the tribal structure and the structure of the regional division.
- 上智大学の論文
- 1996-12-26