哺乳動物細胞プロテインホスファターゼ2Cの構造と機能

概要

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Protein phosphorylation is a type of intraoellular signaltransmission implicated in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions.The phosphorylation of cellular proteins is carefully regulated by the coordinated action of protein kinases and protein phosphatases.Protein phosphatases are divided into three groups, the serine/threonine, serine/threonine/tyrosine, and tyrosine phosphatases, depending on their specificities for these phospho-amino acids.Protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C), a serine/threonine phosphatase, is well-conserved across many species, and six different PP2C genes have been shown to exist in mammalian cells.Of these, PP2Cβ has five isoforms with different tissue expression patterns, all of which are splice variants originating from a single preoursor mRNA.Studies of the mechanism of PP2Cβ gene expression have revealed that the different tissue-specific expression patterns of the PP2Cβ isoforms stem from regulation by multiple promoters. Structural analysis of PP2Cβ led to the identification of a catalytic domain containing several amino acids essential for enzymatic activity.Functional studies have revealed that both PP2Cα and PP2Cβ participate in the regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, which are activated by stress or pro-inflammatory cytokines.intracellular signal transmissionprotein phosphatasegene expressionsress responsestress-activated protein kinase signal pathway
東北大学の論文