人格機能の知覚行動に及ぼす影響
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概要
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Personality is to be considered as an "ego-world unity." Personality functioning consists in building up a concrete pattern of this "ego-world" constellation. For this reason, an individual is invariably motivated to obtain "Congruency" with "self-concept" in the "interpersonal matrix." Congruency is a cognitive phenomenon, which is attended with "perceptual readiness" whose "access-ordering mechanisms" are consistent in working upon various cognitve contents, figural, symbolic, semantic, or behavioral. As regards behavioral contents, an individual strives, with the help of these access ordering mechanisms, to achieve congruency among three cognitive elements : (l) self-concept, (2) beliefs about his behavior, and (3) his perception of related aspects of the person with whom he is interacting. The purpose of the present study was to verify this personality theory. On the basis of the Machii's Perceptual Ditention Test, which has been developed by the clinical case-studies for twenty years, the concrete patterns of perceptual accessordering mechanisms can be sorted into 5 modes : (l) "field-dependent," (2) "ego-centric-concentrated," (3) "ego-defense-scattered," (4) "stimuli-repeated," and (5) "separate responsive." The Yatabe-Guilford Personality Test (Y-G Test) deals chiefly with those aspects of self and behavior which are perceived by an individual. The Seiken's Personality Inventory (INV) deals in part (32^) with the individual's perception of related aspects of the other person with whom he is interacting. In order to verify the above personality theory, the 236 college students were engaged both in the Machii's Perceptual Ditention Test together with two perception tests and in Y-G Test together with INV. The result was that these five patterns of perceptual access-ordering mechanisms were significantly consistent in working both upon "self-behavior-perception" and upon "others' related response-perception," in the following ways : (l) The "field-dependent" showed the world-dependent tense psychical system, which, in the case of the depressed, caused low self-esteem (Inferiority, Nervousness, Submissiveness, Social Introversion in Y-G Test) and difficulty in accepting self in the interpersonal relation (unsociableness, unexpressiveness, and not holding-on in INV), and which on the other hand, in the case of the cheerful, caused "going toward people" with infirmity of purpose (Extroversion in Y-G Test and INV). (2) The "ego-centric-concentrated" showed "attention-getting" tendency together with "going toward people" because of "nurturant-dependent relation", which resulted in Extroversion in Y-G Test and non-Schizoid in INV in the case of the strong tense psychical system, and which, on the other hand, effected instability with infirmity of purpose in the case of the weak tense psychical system. (3) The "ego-defense-scattered" showed "going away from people", "detached" with intermittent ego-defense, which caused inflexibility of closure upon perceiving figural content, and shifting rigidity upon perceiving symbolic content, and which brought about "Lack of Objectivity" and "Phantastic" on self-concept (Y-G Test) and "Schizoid" and "Nervousness" in the interpersonal relation (INV), making the negativistic person non-cooperative through alienation or giving the excited person "Cyclic Tendency" in Y-G Test and "Hysteria" in INV. (4) The "stimuli-repeated" showed the tendency to seek and stick to stimuli, which caused shifting rigidity upon perceiving symbolic content, and which effected the perception of Self-Behavior as Aggressiveness and General Activity but Submissiveness because of infirm ego (Y-G Test) and the perception of others' related response to Self-Behavior as "Holding-on" and "Nervousness" in the interpersonal relation (INV). (5) The "separate response" showed "shifting rigidity upon perceiving symbolic content and specialization upon diversity on perceiving semantic content, which caused the perception of Sel