<REVIEW>Recent Progress in the Study of Adverse Effects of Phthalate Esters to the Male Reproductive Organ : A Short Review

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概要

• 論文の詳細を見る

• Recent studies on adverse effects of phthalate esters to the male reproductive system were reviewed to provide a perspective view of this field of research for further studies. Research papers were collected from the MEDLINE database by a keyword search protocol. The scope of the collected papers covers sciences of reproductive health, urology, andrology, toxicology, endocrinology, pathology, and cell biology. The key words used for the MEDLINE search include phthalate, testis, apoptosis, and their arbitrary combinations. 34 papers were selected out of the collected 120 papers, mostly of experimental animal studies. The species of animals, choice of phthalate esters, and schedule of exposure varied from author to author. Almost all animal studies used mice or rats as the model animal, and DEHP, MEHP, DBP or BBP as the phthalate ester to expose animals. The amount of phthalates used for exposure ranged from 1mg/kg to 1000mg/kg. The phthalates were administered once, several times, or daily for weeks. Histopathological changes observed after phthalate exposure were malformations in male reproductive organs accompanied by altered weight of testis, liver and kidney. These toxic effects were more obvious in the pups exposed to phthalates in utero. Examination of phthalate exposed testis at cellular or subcellular levels indicated that the action of DEHP or MEHP was targeted to Sertoli cell in the seminiferous tubules. The stimulated Sertoli cell triggers apoptotic cell death in germ cells through Fas-ligand-Fas signaling system. This apoptotic effect of phthalates was observed after a single dose of 100mg/kg DEHP. Although the site of action of phthalates at the developmental stage is still unclear, recent observations of transgenerational effects of DEHP or MEHP at low doses suggest that the action took place below the proposed no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). Vitamin C, E or B12 were reported to act as a preventive supplement for phthalate ester intoxication, but its evaluation is still immature.

• 山口県立大学の論文
• 2002-03-25

著者

• Ichimura Takao

  Division Of Life And Health Sciences Graduate School Of Health And Welfare Yamaguchi Prefectural Uni

• ICHIMURA Takao

  Department of Applied Mathematics and Physics Faculty of Enginnering, Kyoto University

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