「科学」を学ぶこと : H.スペンサーと勝田守一の教育論を通して
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概要
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This paper discusses the significance of learning science in school education. Nowadays is much discussed the education by which the "Zest for Living" (i.e. abilities to find tasks, learn and think by oneself, rich humanity including a sense of justice and the moral sense, physical health and strength) is acquired. The education of science is indispensable not only to that education for the "Zest for Living" but also to the general education, for science is useful for living as well as basic to the human knowledge as a whole. From different viewpoints, H. Spencer in the 1850s of England and S. Katsuta in the 1960s of Japan discussed the importance of learning science in the face of rapidly changing social situation to which school education must respond immediately. While the former attended to the usefulness of science, the latter emphasized the humanistic value of science. As to a method of education, H. Spencer emphasized according to the principle of Pestalozzi that our lessons ought to start from the concrete and end in the abstract. On the contrary, S. Katsuta insisted that our lesson of science should start from the abstract especially in youth. In spite of these differences, they both admitted that science as a knowledge is useful for getting a job but also for acquiring culture which everyone should have for his or her life, while it works also as an instrument of mental training. For that reason they asserted that learning science is indispensable as an element of general education in school as well to the formation of humanity.
- 奈良女子大学の論文
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- 「科学」を学ぶこと : H.スペンサーと勝田守一の教育論を通して
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