Stable Isotope Studies of Salts and Water from Dry Valleys, Antarctica I. Origin of Salts and Water, and the Geologic History of Lake Vanda

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Possible origins of lake water and salts which are dissolved in water of saline lake, Lake Vanda, and contained in cored sediments of the lake were investigated on the basis of the stable sulfur, carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions. The present-day lake water is concluded to be neither marine nor volcanic in origin in spite of the high salt concentration, H_2S concentration and water temperature, but it is fresh surface water, and dissolved salts are of marine origin. The genesis and historical events of the saline lake also were examined. Sea water was present in the lake basin as a fjord and isolated from the ocean by glaciation after the Tertiary period. After the isolation of the lake from ocean, evaporation of lake water in cold climate and supply of glacial melt water in warm climate have alternately taken place several times.
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